Entrepreneurship - 1228 Words

Similarities and differences between a manager, a business owner and an entrepreneur Date: 12/8/2011 Version: 1.0 Student Number: 110369257 Module: BUS1004 Similarities and differences between a manager, a business owner and an entrepreneur By Henry Amm Introduction The public perception of entrepreneurs today is almost legendary. They seem to seamlessly start up small businesses and make them grow and develop themselves almost overnight to big successes. (Beaver, 2005) This essay will briefly cover the differences and similarities between managers, business owners and entrepreneurs. Differences and similarities between managers, owners and entrepreneurs Back in the 19th century being a businessman, in other words being an†¦show more content†¦Therefore he often runs a lifestyle firm that is based on trade or craft which, however, will not grow to any considerable size. The entrepreneur in turn is opportunistic, innovative, self-confident and acts proactive and decisive. He is highly self-motivated by his vision and is therefore willing to take even greater risks and can live with a high uncertainty. That is why the entrepreneur has a growth firm and is pursuing growth and personal wealth. Lastly the manager is administrating, or in other words managing, an entity that does not belong to him. His ‘purpose’ is to build up the organisation, by means that are similar to larger firms. (Burns, 2007) However there are some exceptions from that generalization: An owner-manager of course can have a growing business, while an entrepreneur could manage a business he owns together with a business associate and therefore ha s not complete control over the capital. (Burns, 2007) As Fraja (1996) suggests every firm can be assigned to either one of the following types: Either it is an entrepreneurial firm, where the owner-manager or entrepreneur is in exclusive control, organizes production, borrows funds and retains any residual returns from his work. Or it is a managerial firm, where the individual that has the right to residual returns remains outside the company and the individual that has theShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneurship1111 Words   |  5 PagesEntrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur or one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include socialRead MoreEntrepreneurship1326 Words   |  6 Pages‘Critically evaluate the key theoretical developments of the term Entrepreneurship’. Student Name : Jonalee B. 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Is Sociology a Science Free Essays

ABSTRACT In recent years, some persons have expressed sentiments that the study of sociology has no real scientific ground. This paper serves to examine the fundamental assumptions, as well as the possibility of Sociology being a science, but more specifically a social science. It begins by producing some definitions of the key terms, within the context of sociology, to which the student will make reference. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Sociology a Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now The terms include science, social science and sociology. The paper then proceeds to compare sociology to the natural sciences, by establishing and assessing the characteristics which sociology has in common with the natural sciences. INTRODUCTION What predictions can sociologists make about how people behave, and to what extent are these tested through blind studies? Are there any models in sociology, that make it possible to make predictions like the other sciences? Jake Gordon (2002) said in an internet article, â€Å"Sociologists study society as a ‘social science’ however, the status of sociology as a science is easily questionable when compared to how acknowledged scientists study the natural world. Science, as defined by Giddens (2001), is â€Å"the use of systematic methods of investigation, theoretical thinking and the logical assessment of arguments, to develop a body of knowledge about a particular subject matter. † A key element of what constitutes a science is the ability to provide rational, plausible explanations. Sociology observes one of the most subjective factors we can think of, that is, human action and makes predictions, from which persons are able to generate explanation s for human social behaviour. Read also  Sociology and Social Integration. Sociology is outlined as the social science which studies human behaviour and interaction in groups. A social science being any or all of the branches of study that â€Å"involves an examination of human relationships in an attempt to objectively understand the social world† (Unknown). Gordon continues, â€Å"In order to determine whether or not sociology can be accepted as a true science it is useful to make comparisons between the studies performed by both sociologists and natural scientists on their subjects of society and the natural world respectively. At its most fundamental level, the philosophy behind knowledge, reality and being must also be scrutinized as the knowledge which is so eagerly pursued by scientists is only relevant under certain philosophical conditions. † Many of the leaders of sociology are convinced that it is possible to create a science of society based on the same principles and methods as the natural scientists. The attempt to apply natural science philosophies to sociology is called positivism. Positivists, such as Auguste Comte and Karl Popper believe that much of the same techniques and processes used by the natural scientists can be applied to the social sciences, namely sociology. They are of the opinion that social facts and the behaviour of humans, like the behaviour of matter can be objectively observed, expressed as a quantity and measured. These measurements are vital to be able to explain human behaviour. Research has noted that the positivists also believe that based on objective measurements, observations of behaviour will allow statements of effect and cause to be made. Then theories may be formulated to explain the observed behaviour. Therefore, with all this being said it is possible for sociology to be deemed a science. There are four basic features which sociology has in common with the natural sciences and which help to characterize it as a science itself. Sociology can be considered a science because it is empirical, theoretical, cumulative and objective. PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS To begin with, sociology is a science to the extent that it gathers empirical information according to a rational process and develops hypotheses based on that data. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"the word empirical denotes information acquired by means of observation or experimentation. † Empirical data, therefore, is data produced by an observation or experiment. McGraw-Hill said, â€Å"the empirical method is generally characterized by the collection of a large amount of data before much speculation as to their significance, or without much idea of what to expect, and is to be contrasted with more theoretical methods in which the collection of empirical data is guided largely by preliminary theoretical exploration of what to expect. Sociologists attain information for experiments through somewhat of the same means as the ‘regular’ or natural scientists. This is to say that a sociologist would form an idea based on which a hypothesis would then be formulated. A research study would then be done to verify or refute the hypothesis and then a theory and predictions can be made about the particular discourse. Sociology makes use of scientific methods in the study of its subject matter like investigations, interviews, case studies, questionnaires, observations and comparisons, so it is therefore, entitled to be called a science. What is then noted about the subject matter is no longer a speculation, some wild idea or even an opinion. Rather, it is in fact, a theory which has been physically tested and holds scientific grounds, based widely on facts. However, because the subject matter of sociology varies from that of the natural sciences, some persons are of the view that sociology should not be considered a science. However, to say that sociology is not a science is absolutely absurd and very far from the truth because it uses much of the same methodology as the natural sciences to conduct research. An unknown internet source puts it this way, â€Å"universal validity of conclusions and a complete accuracy of prediction are not the criteria of science; what determines the scientific character of a discipline is its methodology, if the methods of a study are scientific, the subject deserves the rank of a science. † Sociology is a science every bit as much as biology or chemistry. Social sciences, like natural and biological sciences, use a vigorous methodology. This means that a social scientist clearly states the problems he or she is interested in and clearly spells out how he or she arrives at their conclusions. Indeed, a scientific study of social phenomena is not free from difficulties. Social studies, by their very nature, cannot perhaps be as exact or natural as physical sciences but that does not make them any less of a science. Additionally, sociology must be considered a science because it is theoretical. When a research is conducted on a particular subject in sociology, it is organized in such a way that someone may be able to analyse this information and therefore formulate a theory which would then allow for the prediction of some future human behaviour. According to Haralambos, Holborn and Heald (2004), â€Å"a theory is a set of ideas that provides an explanation of something†, thus the greater the accuracy of the theory, the greater the overall accuracy of the prediction as well. As stated by Schaefer and Lamm (1998), â€Å"an effective theory may have both explanatory and predictive power. † According to Cuvler, â€Å"the predictive value of sociology is being improved. There is a good deal of approximate information on family relationships and the personality of children. As sociology matures and comes to understand more fully the principles underlying human behaviour it will be in a better position to make accurate prediction. † Like the natural sciences, sociology contains many different theoretical approaches to much of the same idea, and as mentioned, the data which these theories are based upon is gained through observation and experiments and not blind speculation. The theories which sociologists create, present the relationship between all the observations that have been recorded for a particular study. For instance, the Symbolic Interaction Theory (established by George H Mead in the 1920s) which is based on the premise that human nature and social order are the results of social interaction among people. Furthermore, like the natural sciences, sociology is cumulative. Sociologists usually build upon theories which have been formulated by his/her predecessors. Hence new theories are simply modifications or developments of older ones as they all have their basis in some previously established theory. For example, the Symbolic Interaction Theory though introduced by George Mead, had its origins in the works of Max Weber. According to Nasser Mustapha (2009), sociology’s â€Å"cumulative nature implies that new knowledge continuously builds upon what is already known. † Reference can also be made to another sociologist- Durkheim- who it is said expounded on the idea of society being an organism- a theory first developed by Herbert Spencer. Both the evolution of theories and collection of data is cumulative in sociology. Theories change and become more complex over time as they are reviewed and ideas confirmed or rejected. Moreover, sociology is also considered to be a science because it is objective or value-free. The dictionary defines ‘objective’ as not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice, based on facts or unbiased. And as such, sociologists do not allow personal views or ideologies to influence their research. According to Mustapha (2009), â€Å"the fatcs obtained by research must be accurately reported and not distorted to agree with the researcher’s feelings and emotions. Denise Richards, Vashti Deochan and Bennie Berkley (2005) put it this way. â€Å"In studying society, there will be several issues which a sociologist may not support, for example, single parenting, where women decide to have children out of wedlock and support the children themselves. Even though the sociologist may not approve of this type of family formation, he/ she cannot allow personal bias and opinions to creep in and influence his/ her work. † This is so because one basic requirement of cience is that the subject matter be unbiased. Some persons believe that humans studying their behaviour in groups makes it impossible for absolute objectivity. But that does not mean a scientifically acceptable level of objectivity cannot be attained. Psychology has made great strides in understanding the individual in both constructive and destructive ways and there is no reason sociology cannot do the same thing for society. As humans we are quite capable of understanding ourselves as we are of understanding the world around us. Hence sociology does not reflect what we as humans believe to be true but in fact what is true and has proven itself to be factual. CONCLUSION In conclusion, sociology is a science and saying it is not betrays a misunderstanding of what science is. Any field of study dedicated to finding answers about how the world works is a science by definition. Science is not about knowing everything, it is about knowing more than we do now. Sociology may be a science in the early stages of development, or even a science which does not have all the answers but, nonetheless it is a science. It has been deemed, like the natural sciences, to be empirical, theoretical, cumulative and objective. According to Cuvier, J. F. , â€Å"The science is the method of discovery of the uniformities in the universe, through the process of observation and re-observation, the result of which eventually comes to be stated in principle and arranged and organized into the fields of knowledge. † And this is exactly what sociology entails. Thus, it is just as much of a science as any of the natural or other social sciences. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Ajay Bhatt, â€Å"Do you consider sociology as a science, if yes then why? † from http://www. preservearticles. com/201101173444/is-sociology-a-science. html (2011) * Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology. 4th edn. Reprint with the assistance of Karen Birdsall. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. * Jake Gordon, â€Å"Can sociologists study society in the same way that scientists study the natural world? † from http://jakeg. co. uk/essays/science (2002) * Haralambos, M. Holborn, M. 2008). Sociology Themes and Perspectives, 7th edn. London: Harper Collins. * Russ Long, â€Å"Sociology as a Science† from http://dmc122011. delmar. edu/socsci/rlong/intro/science. htm (2012) * Mustapha, N. (2009). Sociology for Caribbean Students: Sociology as a Discipline, 20-22. Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers. * Richards, D. Deochan, V. Berkley B. (2005). Introduction to Sociology: Sociology as a Science, 41-46. Barbados: The University of the West Indies. How to cite Is Sociology a Science, Papers

Manage Knowledge and Information

Question: Discuss about the Manage Knowledge and Information. Answer: Introduction Decision making is one of the important activities in every organisation that tries to remain in a sustainable position in the market. However, the effective decision-making of the organisation depends on a number of factors in which the knowledge and the information management plays a crucial role. The organisations thus employ innovative technologies that help to reach the goals of the company. In the opinion of Galliers and Leidner(2014), the appropriate management of the knowledge and the information has a positive impact on the decision making process that increases the productivity of the organisation. The project discusses the various ways of managing knowledge and information using methods such as MIS, DSS. The impact of the technology on the decision-making process of the company is also analysed in the study to understand the importance of the technologies. The study focuses on the car industry of Australia due to which the Ford Australia is chosen. The problems faced by the company while managing the knowledge and information for appropriate decision making is discussed in order to highlight the appropriate methods for addressing the issues. The changes that took place in the recent times is analysed to understand the way in which the company arrived at the decision. Ways of managing knowledge and information The knowledge and the information management in the organisation is a process that involves creatingsharing, using ad managing the knowledge and the information of the organisation. It is a multi-disciplinary approach that is employed by the organisation that helps the managers to make appropriate decisions that supports the organisational activities (Iraniet al. 2014). Based on the nature of the business and the organisation, there are a number of ways in which the organisations manages their knowledge and the information of the business. However, there are certain common methods and technologies that almost every organisation implements in order to obtain the best possible outcome for the decisions undertaken by the managers and the decision makers of the company. The organisation takes the support of the various technologies such as the MIS, DSS and EIS to make organisational decisions (Schwalbe 2015). The Decision Support System (DSS) is useful for the organisation to support the unstructured and the semi-structured decisions of the company. The DSS is characterised by incomplete or uncertain knowledge that uses the qualitative data. The DSS is beneficial to the decision makers of the company as the alternative scenarios can be easily modelled and compared. According to Park and Lee (2014), the investment decision is highly supported by the DSS technology. The Management Information System or MIS is a sophisticated reporting system that is built on the basis of the current system that is under processing. The MIS is used by the organisation to support the structured decision making of the company and the tactical management level such as the stock level or the pricing of the product. The Executive Information System (EIS) supports a various range of decision making that is unstructured in most cases. It supports the executive level of management to design high level strategic decisions. The summary data from the internal system can be effectively extracted through EIS (Doz and Prahalad 2013). Impact of the technology on the decision-making process The technology helps the decision makers by providing them with the tools to collect, analyse and evaluate the data which is required to make effective decisions. The technology has a significant impact on the decision making process as it improves the business performance through a number of ways such as follows: Centralising the data of the company The decision makers are dependent on a number of data sources within the organisation. It becomes difficult to make the appropriate decision when the data are stored in the different systems of the departments (Holsapple 2013). The technology helps to store the data in a central location reduces the difficulty and avoids unnecessary time consumption. Simplifying Data Collection The network technology further allows the company to make effective decisions on the basis of the latest information that is available from the supply chain or the market. The managers of the company are able to communicate with the members of the supply chain though secured networks to gain coordination in the decision making process and effectively balance the demand of the market with the supply of the product. Collaborative Decision-Making The collaboration of the decision making is also possible with the help of the technology. Technology can be effectively used to make joint decision while developing a new product. The videoconference facility is an effective technology that is used in the organisations in the recent days to carry out joint decisions of the company. Business problem currently faced by Ford Australia Ford Australia being one of the well-known companies in the car industries in Australia carries out knowledge and the information management in the organisation to make appropriate decisions. However, in the recent times Ford is reported to be under a heavy cloud and it plans to shut down few of its plants. It has been observed that the company is facing the maximum challenges due to the ineffective decisions that arise as a result of poor knowledge and information management (Hislop 2013). The decision of the company to close down the plants is considered as a wrong decision as operating in the market would allow the company to earn profit in the long run. As per the CEO of the company, the economies of scale of Australia are one of the challenging factors behind the low productivity of Ford. The company further decides to restrict its decision regarding the up-gradation of the operation. The reason behind such decision is that the other car industry in Australia does not manufacture enough cars that will give proper justification to the investment made by Ford to upgrade the operations (Rothaermel 2015). The company further faces other challenges that include seismic re-structuring. Ford has not used the marketing strategy that Toyota or Holden have used to increase their market productivity and profit. Both the rival companies of Ford have invested in the process of meeting the changingpreference of the customers in the case of small cars as well as SUV cars. The marketing strategies gave these companies competitive advantage that supported them to secure export market and maintain them (Ward and Peppard 2016). The ineffective strate gies of Ford are considered as one of the reasons behind the downfall of the company. Appropriate methods for addressing the issues Ford Australia have been facing maximum of its issues due to the improper decision making. Thus, to achieve effective outcome of the decision making it is important for the company to consider certain appropriate methods or strategies that will address the organisational challenges. Acknowledge and compensate for the biases The decision of the company tends to become less objective as the emotions and the biases of the managers or the other stakeholders involve in the process of decision making. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge and compensate for the biases in order to achieve the effective business decision results (Ferreiraet al. 2016). Using pro and con lists Although the use of the pro and the cons list is an old method used in the organisation, it is still one of the most effective way to address in the decision making issues and managing the knowledge and the information of the business. This is an effective option as it allows the decision makers to evaluate the entire positive as well as the negative options and thereby chose the best possible option (Motro and Smets 2012). Striping down the deciding factors This is a useful strategy when the decision making becomes difficult. In this method, the decision maker tries to limit the interruption rather than thinking of all the possibilities. It is beneficial to stripe down the deciding factors to the minimum numbers. Furthermore, eliminating the factors that are not of the primary consideration helps the managers to make better decisions and manage the knowledge and the information of the organisation effectively (Liebowitzand Frank2016). Data that is important in dealing with the knowledge and technology The data are the facts and the figures that infers something specific but are not properly organised and hence do not provide any further information related to the context. In the present market, there are different types of data that are important for the companies. There are different multimedia data such as the audio, video, images and graphics apart from text and numbers (Stadtler 2015). In the opinion of Ogiela(2015), for the automotive industry the data is not something new. The company constantly considers the data to optimise the supply chain and analyse the sales. The big data have a significant impact on the parts and the features of the car. The big data of the company helps to infiltrate every aspect of the experience of Ford. The innovation in the technology is allowing ford to deal with larger and diverse datasets. Ford uses data analytics to find efficient ways to survive in the market. The big data is important for Ford Australia as it allows the company to acquire the adequate information and knowledge needed by the company to carry out the business activities. Changes in the technology With the changing demand and the consumer behaviour, there is remarkable changes in the technologies that are useful for the organisations in dealing with the market changes. Ford started the business in 1970s with engine controls and microprocessors. With the passage of time, the products of the company have become more and more advanced and software based. The company has gained the ability to take the data, store it and analyse it to identify what value can drive up the productivity and performance of the company (Davison, Ou and Martinsons 2013). The technology has helped the company to know the easier methods of repairing the car and analyse the way in which the people are using the vehicle. The company studied the market demand and the need to bring effective changes in the business. Introduction of new car models with better technology have been considered by the company. Ford introduced the new Mustang that has been accepted by the Australians well. The Australians ordered the car twice the time as that done by the buyers in UK, despite the car market in Australia being small. The car is a right hand drive car that attracted a number of customers in Australia(Ford.com.au, 2016). The company has been able to reach the decision of launching the car with the innovation with the help of the effective knowledge and information management strategies. The strategies helped the company to consider the pros as well as the cons of the company. Conclusion The knowledge and the information management is thus one of the most crucial activity that is carried out by the company effectively. The effective management of knowledge and the information of the organisation is not only able to support the decision making of the company but also drive the productivity and revenue of the company, thereby helping the company to gain more profit. The various methods such as the MIS, DSS and EIS are effective in managing the knowledge and the information to facilitate the decision making process of the company. The technology further has a significant impact on the decision making process of the company. The efficient and the innovative technology allows the organisation to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors with the help of the appropriate decisions. While considering the knowledge and the informationmanagement of Ford Australia, it can be inferred that the company faces a number of issues that are to be effectively addressed in order to allow smooth running of the business. The methods such as acknowledging and compensating for the biases, using pro and con lists and striping down the deciding factors are effecting in addressing the issues of the company. The company has witnessed a number of changes in the recent times that has been possible with the implementation of effective technologies that allowed it to arrive at those particular decisions. References Davison, R.M., Ou, C.X. and Martinsons, M.G., 2013. Information technology to support informal knowledge sharing.Information Systems Journal,23(1), pp.89-109. Doz, Y. and Prahalad, C.K., 2013, January. Quality of management: An emerging source of global competitive advantage?. InStrategies in Global Competition (RLE International Business): Selected Papers from the Prince Bertil Symposium at the Institute of International Business, Routledge(pp. 345-368). Ferreira, F., Marques, A.L., Faria, J. and Azevedo, A., 2016. Large Project Management in the Automotive Industry: A Flexible and Knowledge Based Approach. InNew Advances in Information Systems and Technologies(pp. 455-464). Springer International Publishing. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Holsapple, C. ed., 2013.Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Irani, Z., Sharif, A., Kamal, M.M. and Love, P.E., 2014. Visualising a knowledge mapping of information systems investment evaluation.Expert Systems with Applications,41(1), pp.105-125. Kuga F, 'Ford Australia - Our Best SUV And 4WD Range' (Ford.com.au, 2016) https://www.ford.com.au/suv/ accessed 12 November 2016 Liebowitz, J. and Frank, M. eds., 2016.Knowledge management and e-learning. CRC press. Motro, A. and Smets, P. eds., 2012.Uncertainty management in information systems: from needs to solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Ogiela, L., 2015. Advanced techniques for knowledge management and access to strategic information.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), pp.154-159. Park, J.G. and Lee, J., 2014. Knowledge sharing in information systems development projects: Explicating the role of dependence and trust.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), pp.153-165. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

Why are we learning US history

Introduction Currently, there are numerous demands from the desire to live in the present and focus on the future. This has resulted from the countless uncertainties that people are faced with. As a result, many students may fail to understand the importance of studying early American history at this point in time when they are supposed to be taught about current issues and how to cope with future contingencies (Holt 76).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are we learning US history? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has made many opt to go for science subjects whose purposes they believe are easy to discern. It has to be noted that history is very important; in fact indispensable. Nevertheless, it results are hardly tangible and may not be seen immediately like those of other subjects such as engineering. Learners ought to know that history is very essential not only to individuals but also to the entire so ciety. Understanding the society By studying American history, students are able to understand people and the society well. It is by looking at the history of a specific society that one can be able to unravel the mystery of why the society behaves in a specific manner. There are numerous scientific laws that have been put forward in an attempt to explain human behavior. These laws have only been made to stand their grounds by being based on past experience hence underlining the importance of history (Holt 89). Most of the present students have been born at the time when America has already seen civilization. Consequently, it is very hard for such students to understand that technological innovation has a greater influence in the society. It is only by studying the history of the specific society that they can be able to systematically understand the evolution the society has undergone. It is hard for one to solve current problems without knowing the origin of the problem. For insta nce, to counter a problem such as alcoholism, people have gone to the extent of investigating how alcoholism has been in the past years. Through this, they have been able to learn variations in rate of alcoholism and factors that have contributed to the variations (Holt pp. 124-132). History has greatly contributed in solving the problem of alcoholism in the society. This is because researchers have managed to predict its trend based on the historical trends. Low voter turnout is a major problem that currently affects the American. It is only by looking at the history of the voter turnout that Americans can come up with a lasting solution to the problem. Consequently, by learning American history, students are in a better position of educating the society on the importance of turning out in large numbers for such events (Stearns 256).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They can base their arguments on some of the challenges that were later experienced after elections and attribute them to low voter turnout thus encouraging voters to participate in elections. With every American looking forward for a healthy political environment, this can only be achieved by revisiting the history of its politics, look at the various changes that have emerged and how they have contributed towards improving it or ruining it. Despite a contemporary analysis of the political environment helping in highlight some of the problems; it can not effectively bring out all the problems affecting the American politics. History has to be leveraged for this to be achieved. Moral understanding and sense of identity History contributes to moral understanding and creating a sense of identity. By studying American history, students are presented with varied complexities and dilemmas that past heroes and heroines came across in the past and how they coped with them. As a result, they become inspired by them thus working towards improving their standards in bid to be improve their identity and be associated with the past heroes and heroines (Stearns pp. 260-263). It is through studying history that students can understand their background. This would help them identify with a specific lineage and learn how their families have coped with historical changes. History helps in creating good citizenship History is a vital subject towards bringing up loyal citizens. This is one of the major arguments that been used in supporting inclusion of the subject in curriculum. One can not love his or her country without first understanding the hardships it has gone through to reach where it is as well as how and why various institutions have been established. By understanding these, one can gauge his or her country with others, acknowledge the achievements made and look for ways to make it better thus becoming a loyal citizen (Stearns 258). Further, studying history helps one learn how past, pre sent and future changes that shape citizens’ lives occur or may occur and the impacts they are likely to have. It is through studying the American history that students will be able to develop mental habits that are important for responsible social conduct. Conclusion It is evident that history is indispensable. For some of the scientific theories to be formulated they have to base their arguments on past historical facts. Consequently, learning the American history helps in understanding the social fabrics of the Americans, how the country has evolved and related with its neighbours thus facilitating in molding students to be loyal citizens in future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are we learning US history? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Holt, Thomas C. Thinking Historically: Narrative, Imagination, and Understanding. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1990. Stearns, Peter N. Meaning over Memory: Recasting the Teaching of History and Culture. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1993. This essay on Why are we learning US history? was written and submitted by user Graysen K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Woodrow Wilson & WWI essays

Woodrow Wilson & WWI essays Wilsons torment in deciding whether to send U.S. troops into WWI. It is well known among reasonably informed students of American history that Woodrow Wilson resisted getting American forces involved in World War I, right up to and after the time when British ships with Americans on board were sunk by German submarines in October and November of 1916. But it may not be widely known that during the time the U.S. involvement in the war became more and more imminent, Wilsons relationship with England was very sour, according to author Arthur Walworth (Walworth 70). One big reason the British were upset with Wilson was that he hadnt done enough to cut Germany off from credit in the world community. It was 1916, an election year, and Wilsons mind was on winning a second term, along with his belief that America should remain neutral in the expanding war in Europe. His essential duty, as he saw it, Walworth writes on page 70, was to maintain faith with a people who rejoiced because he had kept them out of war and at the same time to rescue humanity from the scourge of international conflict. He saw his constitutional duty to intervene and attempt to stop the war prior to getting Americans involved in it. But though the British and the Germans were hounding Wilson to attempt a diplomatic resolution of the conflict, he held fast until after the election in November. After he was elected, he believed that the American people voted for him because he escaped involvement in the war something worth living and dying for and now it was his duty to be a broker for peace (Walworth 71-72), if at all possible. It was now December, and Germany was threatening to unleash its submarines in January (Walworth 74), if some kind of armistice or peace deal was cut before then. Wilson had just released his own idea for what later would become the League ...

How to choose between two really good job candidates

How to choose between two really good job candidates As a hiring manager, your reputation is built and bolstered by your ability to source top-tier candidates for positions across your organization. Chances are your performance goals are closely tied to how effective you are at stocking your company’s teams with the best available talent.Sometimes this is a relatively straightforward task, and the perfect candidate comes your way for an open position- all you have to do is get them interested and sell them on the notion of joining your team. Other times, the hiring process is a bit more difficult.Most seasoned hiring managers have encountered nearly every permutation of hiring challenge imaginable- one particularly anxiety-inducing one is when you have what seems to be two â€Å"perfect† candidates who are vying for the same position. Both candidates are well-qualified, have impeccable industry backgrounds and skill sets, come equipped with sterling references, and appear to be great potential fits in all key areas- and y ou’re tasked with deciding who rises from the candidate heap and earns the coveted spot.Here’s a solid method for successfully handling this situation in an effort to best meet your company’s needs.Look beyond the obviousIf you’re facing the choice of having to decide between two great candidates and they both seem equally matched in all the key metrics you typically base your hiring decisions upon, then look beyond the typical. Step back from the situation and think about whether or not a candidate made a positive impression on you in an area that you typically overlook or don’t weigh heavily. If there’s an area of strength that may help one candidate perform on the job- no matter how small- then consider taking into consideration. Traits like personality type and problem-solving style aren’t off-limits, even if they don’t fit into typical evaluation models.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Gi ve a testWhen facing two seeming equal candidates, take a step beyond and really put them to the test. Consider giving them an additional work-related task to see who does best. Having the candidates complete a project that mirrors one of the responsibilities that they’ll encounter on the job is not uncommon, and can really help you make a tough decision a little easier.Get a second opinionJust like no person is an island, no employee is alone in a company- and neither are you. There are reasons why many interviews are conducted by multiple people and over several encounters- hiring someone new for a position in your organization is no small decision, and having multiple opinions factor into the final decision can help ensure that the best choice is made. If you haven’t already, have the candidates meet with other key decision-makers in your company and use their opinions to help you work through this difficult situation.Trust your instinctsThe truth is, there is no pe rfect candidate. Despite all the state-of-the-art analytics your company uses to gauge candidates and how well they sold themselves during the interview process, there’s just no surefire way to know for sure how well they’ll do when they’re on the job and hitting the ground running. Don’t forget this when you’re facing a difficult hiring decision, and also don’t forget to trust your well-honed instincts as an experienced hiring manager. Hiring someone new is always a leap of faith- so have a little faith in your ability to choose between two candidates wisely using your experienced eye.Don’t write one candidate off completelyNo matter how difficult it is, at some point you’re going to have to make a decision between two highly qualified candidates. Hopefully, you make the right choice. That said, choosing one candidate above another doesn’t mean it’s necessarily â€Å"goodbye forever† to the losing candidat e. A savvy hiring manager knows that it’s in their company’s long-term benefit to maintain a talent-rich pipeline. That said, do your best to keep all good candidates in your orbit- because you never know when a new position will open up and you’re back on the hunt.

Hospitality Service Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hospitality Service Management - Assignment Example Innovation is the key focus to excel in this industry. Utilising service management for proper handling and delivery of services is the aspect which the services industry must set a priority in their areas of concern for promotion and company's growth - including industries in health care, caterers, manufacturers and suppliers, tourism and financial services. Organisations must set the difference between the idea of customer satisfaction and service of quality rendered to clients. Although sometimes considered ambiguous, a specific label is required that will detach these important entities with regards in providing services of which supposed as one. Both are correlated in terms of industrial needs but different. Customers may vary on every organisation to which they provide their products, be of services or goods, by some mechanism acceptable in the industry's marketplace. Of course, getting through the competition in the market is another endeavour which organisation needs focus. Customer satisfaction is a business term which is used to capture the idea of measuring how satisfied an enterprise's customers are with the organization's efforts in a marketplace (Wikipedia, 2006). Once customer's expectations are exceeded, the organisation will attain high levels of customer satisfaction and will create "customer delight." This implies that organisation must possess the ability to fulfil the consumers' needs through business, emotional and psychological aspects. The interaction between the service provider and the recipient, which are the customers, must not be in idle to properly measure the level of satisfaction. Proper attitude in dealing with varied customers should be considered; knowing their attitudes, feedbacks or commendations can contribute in determining the organisation's marketing strategies. Basically, organisations aim is to retain customers in patronising their services offered and the target of increasing the number of loyal customers and eventua lly increasing the organisation's revenues. Although customer satisfaction may vary from customer-to-customer, it is important to consider that physical and psychological characteristics which play a very important factor in measuring the degree where customers satisfy with the organisation's services. Comparatively speaking, the customer's expectation can be evaluated with the customer's experience prior relevant to the services the organisation delivers. Organisation must take into account that satisfaction is not quantitatively measured since it is more of a psychological aspect; it is more of the qualitative. And, service of quality will be now measured. Commonly, customers define 'quality' as they are met by their perception and experience. This is the degree or level of customer's satisfaction with the services or products an organisation offers dependently to the environment and the kind of service given. It is difficult to conform to the expectations of the customers needs with the level they require with regards to efficiency, quality, flexibility, and dependability to the services delivered. To achieve this, Total Quality Management (TQM) is applied. TQM is management philosophy committed to a focus on continuous improvements of product and services with the involvement of the entire workforce. This principle is a long-term process to sustain business excellence and the comprehensively and continuously involvement of all organisation functions. Through this method,